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Smart Stable Management System Using IoT for Monitoring Environmental and Physiological Parameters in Horses

Retrospektive Studie der Pferde mit chronisch rekurrierender Blinddarmobstipation nach chirurgischer Versorgung mittels Erweiterungsplastik des Ostium caecocolicum

Chen Hao

Abstract

The management of horse stables is essential to guarantee the health, welfare, and performance of horses. Existing techniques for tracking the environment and physiological well-being often rely on manual observations, which are time-consuming, error-prone, and unable to provide real-time information. This research introduces a Smart Stable Management System (SSMS) that enables monitoring of environmental and physiological features of horses via the Internet of Things (IoT) and, consequently, emergency optimization of stable conditions and enhancement of animal welfare. The system will be based on a network of IoT sensors that will continuously monitor vital environmental factors, such as temperature, humidity, ammonia concentrations, and air quality, within the stable. Wearable systems continuously record horse-specific physiological signs, including heart rate, body temperature, respiratory rate, and activity levels. The data from these sensors is broadcast in real time to a central dashboard, allowing stable managers and veterinarians to view the horses' health remotely and identify early indicators of stress, disease, or unfavorable environments. The SSMS uses automated alarms to inform caregivers of abnormal readings, enabling them to take early measures to reduce health risks. Moreover, trend identification and informed decision-making for feeding schedules, ventilation control, and general stable maintenance are possible through cloud-based analysis of historical data. Its pilot installation at a sample equestrian facility demonstrates that the IoT-enabled solution enhances proactive care, improves animal comfort, and reduces labor-intensive monitoring. The research indicates the potential of IoT-based solutions in contemporary equestrian management to mitigate the gap between traditional stable management and the application of digital innovation. The Smart Stable Management System enhances animal welfare while increasing operational efficiency, preventive care, and informed decision-making on horse farms.

Keywords: Smart Stable Management (SSM), IOT, Monitoring Environmental (ME), Physiological Parameters (PP), Horses (HH)

Pengliang Li, Xuyan Wu, Wei Wang, Cheng Zhang, Xiaochen Yang, Jixiang Li

Abstract

Impaction is one of the most common disease of the cecum in horses. It is important to distinguish between acute and chronic recurrent cases. Acute impaction occurs suddenly and resolves within a few days with medical and/or surgical treatment whereas in chronic cases the impaction within the base or the whole cecum occurs repeatedly at irregular intervals. The chronic recurrent cecal impaction (CRCI) is characterized by hypertrophy of muscle in the cecal base or entire cecum. The pathogenesis is not fully understood: hypothesis is that the cecal impaction induces a distension during the contraction of the circular muscle layer which is a stimulus of a hypertrophy of the circular and longitudinal muscle layer in the cecum. Furthermore, neuronal density in the plexus myentericus was found to be decreased significantly in the cecal wall of CRCI. Initially, in cases of CRCI the cecocolic orifice is not entirely blocked allowing partial transit of ingesta. Hypertrophy of the muscle layer (longitudinal and circular muscle) begins at the cecal base and as the disease progresses, the cecocolic opening becomes completely obstructed due to the automatic closure mechanism. The rectal and ultrasound exam are the most useful diagnostic steps while different degrees of cecal impaction and/or tympany, a marked thickening and cecal wall contractility due to palpation are found. The hypertrophy can be regarded as a pathognomonic sign. Treatment in our study was done by surgical enlargement of the cecocolic orifice (created by Huskamp 1990). Tissue samples of defined cecal regions were taken during surgery or necropsy: the circular and longitudinal muscle layer were significantly thicker, linear neuron densities were significantly lower each compared to clinically healthy horses. Based on smooth muscle thickening and neuron deficit, rectally palpable and ultrasound visible cecal wall thickening, horses suffering from CRI have a poor prognosis. Surgery by enlargement of the cecocolic orifice in horses with CRCI have a better prognosis if only the cecal base has a thickening and a normal cecal body wall.

Keywords: horses, chronic recurrent cecal impaction, surgical treatment enlargement cecocolic orifice, long-term survival

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Smart Stable Management System Using IoT for Monitoring Environmental and Physiological Parameters in Horses

Retrospektive Studie der Pferde mit chronisch rekurrierender Blinddarmobstipation nach chirurgischer Versorgung mittels Erweiterungsplastik des Ostium caecocolicum

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